Incorporação de ácido artesúnico e praziquantel em Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) e em Cristais Líquidos Liotrópicos (NPs-LLC) para inovação do tratamento da esquistossomose mansônica
Sheila de Andrade Penteado Corrêa
TESE
Português
T/UNICAMP C817i
[Incorporation of artesunic acid and praziquantel in Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) and Lyotropic Liquid Crystals (NPs-LLC) for innovative treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni ]
Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2021.
1 recurso online (190 p.) : il., digital, arquivo PDF.
Orientadores: Silmara Marques Allegretti, Marco Vinícius Chaud
Tese (doutorado) - Univeridade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Resumo: O tratamento da esquistossomose está pautado unicamente no praziquantel (PZQ), o qual apresenta limitações, seja em razão de suas propriedades químicas e farmacocinéticas ou em função da adoção deste em programas de tratamento em massa há décadas. Derivados da artemisinina, como o ácido...
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Resumo: O tratamento da esquistossomose está pautado unicamente no praziquantel (PZQ), o qual apresenta limitações, seja em razão de suas propriedades químicas e farmacocinéticas ou em função da adoção deste em programas de tratamento em massa há décadas. Derivados da artemisinina, como o ácido artesúnico (AcART), apresentam espectro de ação mais amplo, sendo eficazes também contra parasitas jovens. Entretanto, assim como PZQ, é pouco hidrossolúvel. O propósito deste trabalho foi desenvolver dois nanossistemas distintos, Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) e Cristais Líquidos Liotrópicos (NPs-LLC), capazes de carrear AcART e PZQ e comparar a eficácia dos mesmos contra duas linhagens de Schistosoma mansoni – Belo Horizonte (BH) e Sergipe (SE). A validação analítica do AcART permitiu conhecer suas propriedades e possibilitou a formulação de nanossistemas que o incorporassem (SEDDS+AcART e NPs-LLC+AcART), o PZQ (SEEDS+PZQ, NPs-LLC+PZQ) e nanossistemas sem fármacos (SEDDS* e NPs-LLC*). O processo de incorporação não alterou grupos funcionais dos fármacos e os nanossistemas apresentaram estabilidade físico-química e carga de superfície favorável à permeação da mucosa. Ensaios de permeação intestinal indicaram que SEDDS favoreceu a permeação de AcART, enquanto NPs-LLC, ao menos aparentemente, pouco contribuiu neste processo. Ensaios in vitro permitiram avaliar a sobrevivência e viabilidade de vermes adultos, oviposição e alterações morfológicas nas concentrações de 12,5 a 2,5 ?g/mL, por um período de até 72 h. Verificou-se que, tanto a incorporação dos fármacos em SEDDS quanto em NPs-LLC, acarretaram 100% de mortalidade, redução acentuada de viabilidade, inibição da oviposição e severos danos morfológicos em ambas as linhagens. SEDDS* influenciou todos os parâmetros avaliados, enquanto NPs-LLC* apenas alterou discretamente o tegumento. Nos ensaios in vivo foram avaliadas a redução da carga parasitária (RV), da liberação de ovos nas fezes (RO) e o estádio dos ovos retidos no intestino após administração de 10, 20 ou 50 mg/Kg de cada fármaco incorporado aos nanossistemas nos períodos de 60 ou 21 dpi, correspondentes respectivamente às fases adulta e jovem dos parasitas. A concentração de 50 mg/Kg foi mais eficiente na RV e RO contra ambas as linhagens. SEEDS+PZQ mostrou melhor desempenho quando administrado no período de 60 dpi e NPs-LLC+AcART para aos de 21 dpi. Embora grupos controle (sem exposição a qualquer fármaco) apresentaram percentual de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) significativamente maior para a linhagem BH em relação a SE, fato que atesta diferença entre as linhagens estudadas, não foi verificada diferença estatística entre elas quanto à resposta aos fármacos. Não obstante SEDDS* tenha demonstrado efeito in vitro, o mesmo não foi constatado nos ensaios in vivo, fato que pode ser atribuído a uma liberação após a permeação intestinal. Nossos resultados revelaram atividade in vivo dos fármacos incorporados em NPs-LLC, o que pode indicar permeação dependente de um tempo maior que o utilizado nos ensaios ex vivo nos quais a permeação parece não ter ocorrido, ou ainda que NPs-LLC atravessem intactas o intestino, liberando os fármacos diretamente nos parasitas ou no interior deles. Tanto os ensaios in vitro quanto in vivo nos permitiram concluir que os nanossistemas favoreceram a solubilidade, estabilidade e liberação de PZQ e AcART, demonstrando grande eficácia em concentrações muito menores que as observadas para esses fármacos livres, para ambas as linhagens. Alterações observadas no interior dos parasitas requerem mais estudos para serem compreendidas e, possivelmente, auxiliarão na compreensão do mecanismo de ação de PZQ e AcART. Assim, estamos diante de estratégias inovadoras para o tratamento da esquistossomose.
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Abstract:
The schistosomiasis treatment is based solely on praziquantel (PZQ), which has limitations, either because of its chemical and pharmacokinetic properties or because of its adoption in mass treatment programs for decades. Artemisinin derivatives, such as artesunic acid (AcART), have a... Ver mais
The schistosomiasis treatment is based solely on praziquantel (PZQ), which has limitations, either because of its chemical and pharmacokinetic properties or because of its adoption in mass treatment programs for decades. Artemisinin derivatives, such as artesunic acid (AcART), have a... Ver mais
Abstract:
The schistosomiasis treatment is based solely on praziquantel (PZQ), which has limitations, either because of its chemical and pharmacokinetic properties or because of its adoption in mass treatment programs for decades. Artemisinin derivatives, such as artesunic acid (AcART), have a broader spectrum of action and are also effective against young parasites. However, like PZQ, it is poorly water soluble. The purpose of this work was to develop two distinct nanosystems, Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) and Lyotropic Liquid Crystals (NPs-LLC), capable of carrying AcART and PZQ and compare their effectiveness against two strains of Schistosoma mansoni - Belo Horizonte (BH) and Sergipe (SE). The analytical validation of AcART allowed us to know its properties and enabled the formulation of nanosystems that incorporated it (SEDDS+AcART and NPs-LLC+AcART), the PZQ (SEEDS+PZQ, NPs-LLC+PZQ) and drug-free nanosystems (SEDDS* and NPs-LLC*). The incorporation process did not change the functional groups of the drugs and the nanosystems showed physicochemical stability and surface charge favorable to mucosal permeation. Intestinal permeation assays indicated that SEDDS favored AcART permeation, while NPs-LLC, at least apparently, contributed little in this process. In vitro tests allowed evaluating the survival and viability of adult worms, oviposition and morphological changes at concentrations from 12.5 to 2.5 ?g/mL, for a period of up to 72 h. It was found that both drug incorporation in SEDDS and NPs-LLC resulted in 100% mortality, marked reduction in viability, oviposition inhibition and severe morphological damage in both strains. SEDDS* influenced all evaluated parameters, while NPs-LLC* only slightly altered the integument. In vivo tests evaluated the reduction of parasite load (VR), release of eggs in feces (RO) and the stage of eggs retained in the intestine after administration of 10, 20 or 50 mg/kg of each drug incorporated into the nanosystems in the periods of 60 or 21 dpi, corresponding respectively to the adult and young stages of the parasites. The concentration of 50 mg/Kg was more efficient in VR and OR against both strains. SEEDS+PZQ showed better performance when administered at 60 dpi and NPs-LLC+AcART at 21 dpi. Although control groups (without exposure to any drug) had a significantly higher percentage of eggs per gram of feces (OPG) for the BH strain than for SE, a fact that attests to the difference between the strains studied, there was no statistical difference between them in terms of response to drugs. Although SEDDS* has shown an effect in vitro, it was not found in in vivo tests, a fact that can be attributed to a release after intestinal permeation. Our results revealed in vivo activity of drugs incorporated into NPs-LLC, which may indicate a longer time-dependent permeation than that used in ex vivo assays in which permeation does not seem to have occurred, or even that NPs-LLC cross the intestine intact , releasing the drugs directly into the parasites or inside them. Both in vitro and in vivo assays allowed us to conclude that the nanosystems favored the solubility, stability and release of PZQ and AcART, demonstrating great efficacy at much lower concentrations than those observed for these free drugs, for both strains. Changes observed within the parasites require further studies to be understood and, possibly, will help to understand the mechanism of action of PZQ and AcART. Thus, we are facing innovative strategies for the treatment of schistosomiasis Ver menos
The schistosomiasis treatment is based solely on praziquantel (PZQ), which has limitations, either because of its chemical and pharmacokinetic properties or because of its adoption in mass treatment programs for decades. Artemisinin derivatives, such as artesunic acid (AcART), have a broader spectrum of action and are also effective against young parasites. However, like PZQ, it is poorly water soluble. The purpose of this work was to develop two distinct nanosystems, Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) and Lyotropic Liquid Crystals (NPs-LLC), capable of carrying AcART and PZQ and compare their effectiveness against two strains of Schistosoma mansoni - Belo Horizonte (BH) and Sergipe (SE). The analytical validation of AcART allowed us to know its properties and enabled the formulation of nanosystems that incorporated it (SEDDS+AcART and NPs-LLC+AcART), the PZQ (SEEDS+PZQ, NPs-LLC+PZQ) and drug-free nanosystems (SEDDS* and NPs-LLC*). The incorporation process did not change the functional groups of the drugs and the nanosystems showed physicochemical stability and surface charge favorable to mucosal permeation. Intestinal permeation assays indicated that SEDDS favored AcART permeation, while NPs-LLC, at least apparently, contributed little in this process. In vitro tests allowed evaluating the survival and viability of adult worms, oviposition and morphological changes at concentrations from 12.5 to 2.5 ?g/mL, for a period of up to 72 h. It was found that both drug incorporation in SEDDS and NPs-LLC resulted in 100% mortality, marked reduction in viability, oviposition inhibition and severe morphological damage in both strains. SEDDS* influenced all evaluated parameters, while NPs-LLC* only slightly altered the integument. In vivo tests evaluated the reduction of parasite load (VR), release of eggs in feces (RO) and the stage of eggs retained in the intestine after administration of 10, 20 or 50 mg/kg of each drug incorporated into the nanosystems in the periods of 60 or 21 dpi, corresponding respectively to the adult and young stages of the parasites. The concentration of 50 mg/Kg was more efficient in VR and OR against both strains. SEEDS+PZQ showed better performance when administered at 60 dpi and NPs-LLC+AcART at 21 dpi. Although control groups (without exposure to any drug) had a significantly higher percentage of eggs per gram of feces (OPG) for the BH strain than for SE, a fact that attests to the difference between the strains studied, there was no statistical difference between them in terms of response to drugs. Although SEDDS* has shown an effect in vitro, it was not found in in vivo tests, a fact that can be attributed to a release after intestinal permeation. Our results revealed in vivo activity of drugs incorporated into NPs-LLC, which may indicate a longer time-dependent permeation than that used in ex vivo assays in which permeation does not seem to have occurred, or even that NPs-LLC cross the intestine intact , releasing the drugs directly into the parasites or inside them. Both in vitro and in vivo assays allowed us to conclude that the nanosystems favored the solubility, stability and release of PZQ and AcART, demonstrating great efficacy at much lower concentrations than those observed for these free drugs, for both strains. Changes observed within the parasites require further studies to be understood and, possibly, will help to understand the mechanism of action of PZQ and AcART. Thus, we are facing innovative strategies for the treatment of schistosomiasis Ver menos
Aberto
Allegretti, Silmara Marques, 1963-
Orientador
Chaud, Marco Vinícius, 1955-
Coorientador
Regasini, Luis Octávio
Avaliador
Magalhães, Lizandra Guidi
Avaliador
Oliveira, Rosimeire Nunes de, 1981-
Avaliador
Gremião, Maria Palmira Daflon
Avaliador
Incorporação de ácido artesúnico e praziquantel em Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) e em Cristais Líquidos Liotrópicos (NPs-LLC) para inovação do tratamento da esquistossomose mansônica
Sheila de Andrade Penteado Corrêa
Incorporação de ácido artesúnico e praziquantel em Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) e em Cristais Líquidos Liotrópicos (NPs-LLC) para inovação do tratamento da esquistossomose mansônica
Sheila de Andrade Penteado Corrêa