Agradecimentos: For materials, field, and laboratory assistance, we thank the Australian Landscape Trust Team, J. Martínez de Aragón, E. Roy, H. Wilson, K. Brice, B. Coleman, B. Delroy, C. Deveautour, S. Donn, G. Assis Neves, R. Marques Barreiros, A. Lochner, Pousada Vale do Céu, H. Robles, M. M. Rivera, and G. Kirker. We also thank the World Climate Research Programme for producing and making available their model output, the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) for archiving the data and providing access, and the multiple funding agencies that support CMIP6 and ESGF. S. Allison, T. Crowther, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript, and A. Yatsko helped with figure and manuscript formatting. Funding: This study received support from the following sources: US National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB-1655759 (A.E.Z.); US NSF DEB-2149151 (A.E.Z.); US NSF DEB-1713502 (M.A.); US NSF DEB-1713435 (M.A.); US NSF DEB-1647502 (N.A.B.); US NSF DEB-1546686 (G.G.); US NSF DEB-1831952 (G.G.); George Washington University (A.E.Z.); USDA Forest Service (G.G.); Centre College Faculty Development Funds (M.L.G.); Australia Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (P.R.G., M.K., M.L., M.M.B., R.P.S., J.S., L.B.H., M.N., S.M.P., T.J.W., and S.K.A.); Royal Society-FCDO Africa Capacity Building Initiative (C.L.P., G.W.Q., S.A.-B., K.B., F.E.O., and M.P.R.); New Phytologist Foundation (A.T.A.); Fondecyt grant 1160329 (C.D.); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES) (E.v.d.B., A.S.Mou., R.F.M., F.F.S., T.M.C.-S., R.S.O., and A.M.D.); Department of Ecology and Conservation of the Federal University of Lavras (T.M.C.-S.); CNPq (E.v.d.B. and R.S.O.); FAPEMIG (E.v.d.B.); Australian Academy of Science 2017 Thomas Davies Research Grant (J.R.P.); Australian Research Council DP160103765 (W.K.C., J.R.P., and A.E.Z.); UK National Environment Research Council NE/L000016/1 (L.A.A.); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil NERC - FAPESP 19/07773-1 (R.S.O. and A.M.D.); Environment Research and Technology Development Fund ERTDF, JPMEERF15S11420 of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan (A.S.Mor. and K.O.); COLCIENCIAS no. FP44842-046-2017 (J.M.P.); Spanish government PID2019-110521GB-I00 (J.Pe., G.P., and R.O.); Catalan government grant SGR 2017-1005 (J.Pe., G.P., and R.O.); Fundación Ramón Areces ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE (J.Pe., G.P., and R.O.); National Agency for the Promotion of Research, Technological Development and Innovation, Scientific and Technological Research Project 2018-01561 PICT 2018-01561 (F.P.T.); ANID PIA/BASAL FB210006 (A.Fa.); Millennium Science Initiative Program NCN2021-050 (A.Fa.); iDiv German Research Foundation DFG–FZT 118, 202548816 (N.E.); and European Research Council Horizon 2020 research and innovation program no. 677232 (N.E.). Author contributions: Conceptualization: A.E.Z. Methodology: A.E.Z., A.W.C., L.A.C., M.K., and J.W.D. Investigation: A.E.Z., J.R.P., J.W.D., A.T.A., A.T.C., P.E., K.O., C.L.P., E.C.A., S.A.-B., M.A., C.A.-G., D.A., R.A., M.A., S.K.A., L.A.A., N.A.B., J.Bea., M.P.B., J.Ber., M.M.B., J.A.B., K.B., T.J.B., D.C., D.C.-F., L.A.C., A.W.C., T.M.C.-S., J.R.C., J.H.C.C., T.J.C., A.M.D., C.D., N.E., F.E.O., A.Fa., R.D.F., A.Fe., M.A.L.F., M.L.G., G.G., F.G., P.R.G., E.G., H.M.G., M.G.L., M.H., M.M.H., N.H.-N., L.B.H., J.J., A.K., M.K., J.A.K., T.L., M.L., C.M., C.M.-N., R.F.M., M.S.M., W.S.M., A.S.Mor., A.S.Mou., M.N., R.O., R.S.O., A.O., J.Pa., G.P., J.Pe., L.I.P., J.M.P., C.M.P., T.P., S.M.P., J.Pr., G.W.Q., V.R.d.D., R.R., M.P.R., L.F.R., M.A.R., C.S., R.P.S., M.C.S., F.F.S., M.G.S., J.S., M.K.T., F.P.T., D.Y.P.T., D.T., M.T., M.D.U., O.J.V.-B., E.v.d.B., R.S.P.v.L., G.F.V., J.G.V., T.J.W., G.W., C.W., M.J.W., and P.-C.Z. Visualization: H.F.-M., J.R.P., and W.K.C. Funding acquisition: A.E.Z., J.R.P., J.W.D., A.T.A., A.T.C., P.E., K.O., C.L.P., E.C.A., S.A.-B., M.A., C.A.-G., D.A., R.A., M.A., S.K.A., L.A.A., N.A.B., J.Bea., M.P.B., J.Ber., M.M.B., J.A.B., K.B., T.J.B., D.C., D.C.-F., L.A.C., A.W.C., T.M.C.-S., J.R.C., J.H.C.C., T.J.C., A.M.D., C.D., N.E., F.E.O., A.Fa., R.D.F., A.Fe., M.A.L.F., M.L.G., G.G., F.G., P.R.G., E.G., H.M.G., M.G.L., M.H., M.M.H., N.H.-N., L.B.H., J.J., A.K., M.K., J.A.K., T.L., M.L., C.M., C.M.-N., R.F.M., M.S.M., W.S.M., A.S.Mor., A.S.Mou., M.N., R.O., R.S.O., A.O., J.Pa., G.P., J.Pe., L.I.P., J.M.P., C.M.P., T.P., S.M.P., J.Pr., G.W.Q., V.R.d.D., R.R., M.P.R., L.F.R., M.A.R., C.S., R.P.S., M.C.S., F.F.S., M.G.S., J.S., M.K.T., F.P.T., D.Y.P.T., D.T., M.T., M.D.U., O.J.V.-B., E.v.d.B., R.S.P.v.L., G.F.V., J.G.V., T.J.W., G.W., C.W., M.J.W., and P.-C.Z. Project administration: A.E.Z. Supervision: A.E.Z. Writing – original draft: A.E.Z., H.F.-M., J.R.P., W.K.C., J.W.D., A.T.A., and A.T.C. Writing – review & editing: P.E., K.O., C.L.P., E.C.A., S.A.-B., M.A., C.A.-G., D.A., R.A., M.A., S.K.A., L.A.A., N.A.B., J.Bea., M.P.B., J.Ber., M.M.B., J.A.B., K.B., T.J.B., D.C., D.C.-F., L.A.C., A.W.C., T.M.C.-S., J.R.C., J.H.C.C., T.J.C., A.M.D., C.D., N.E., F.E.O., A.Fa., R.D.F., A.Fe., M.A.L.F., M.L.G., G.G., F.G., P.R.G., E.G., H.M.G., M.G.L., M.H., M.M.H., N.H.-N., L.B.H., J.J., A.K., M.K., J.A.K., T.L., M.L., C.M., C.M.-N., R.F.M., M.S.M., W.S.M., A.S.Mor., A.S.Mou., M.N., R.O., R.S.O., A.O., J.Pa., G.P., J.Pe., L.I.P., J.M.P., C.M.P., T.P., S.M.P., J.Pr., G.W.Q., V.R.d.D., R.R., M.P.R., L.F.R., M.A.R., C.S., R.P.S., M.C.S., F.F.S., M.G.S., J.S., M.K.T., F.P.T., D.Y.P.T., D.T., M.T., M.D.U., O.J.V.-B., E.v.d.B., R.S.P.v.L., G.F.V., J.G.V., T.J.W., G.W., C.W., M.J.W., and P.-C.Z. Competing interests: L.F.R. is also affiliated with Eldorado Brasil Celulose, Três Lagoas, Brazil. P.R.G. is also affiliated with Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan, United States. The authors declare no other competing interests. Data and materials availability: Data are available at figshare (25), and code are available at Zenodo (26). License information: Copyright © 2022 the authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original US government works. https://www.science.org/about/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse Ver menos

Abstract: Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)-even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth's surface Ver menos