Abstract: Chemical investigation of the extracts of the fruits from Campomanesia xanthocarpa resulted in the isolation of six known compounds identified by NMR and comparison with literature data (2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-6-methoxychalcone (1), 2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-methoxychalcone (2), 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-4,6-dimethoxychalcone (3), 2,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-4-methoxychalcone (4), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-methylflavanone (5) and 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methylflavanone (6)). The considerable antioxidant capacity of the extracts was demonstrated by ORAC-FL and DPPH tests. The antiproliferative assay of the extracts and 5 was done in vitro, against many different cancer cell lines besides a healthy one. The extracts presented low cytotoxicity and the substance demonstrated promising results against all the cancer cell lines tested, with IC50 values ranging from 4.75 to 45.81 mu mol L-1. The in vitro trypanocidal activity was evaluated against the epimastigote form of the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi and an improvement in the activity of the substances 2 (221.81 mu mol L-1) and 5 (61.87 mu mol L-1) was observed regarding the values obtained for the extracts Ver menos