Agradecimentos: We thank M. Pareja for comments on the first draft of this manuscript and J. C. Souza for field assistance. We thank two anonymous referees for providing valuable suggestions that greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. PMO received a postdoctoral

A key challenge in the study of mutualistic interactions is understanding sources of variation that strengthen or weaken these interactions. In spider–plant mutualisms, spiders benefit plants by improving plant nutrition and protecting plants from herbivo

COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP

2014/04603-4

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