77 registros encontrados - unidade Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura
A climate-change vulnerability and adaptation assessment for Brazil's protected areas
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Biodiversidade - Conservação
Brazil hosts the largest expanse of tropical ecosystems within protected areas (PAs), which shelter biodiversity and support traditional human...
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Brazil hosts the largest expanse of tropical ecosystems within protected areas (PAs), which shelter biodiversity and support traditional human populations. We assessed the vulnerability to climate change of 993 terrestrial and coastal-marine Brazilian PAs by combining indicators of climatic-change hazard with indicators of PA resilience (size, native vegetation cover, and probability of climate-driven vegetation transition). This combination of indicators allows the identification of broad climate-change adaptation pathways. Seventeen PAs (20,611 km(2)) were highly vulnerable and located mainly in the Atlantic Forest (7 PAs), Cerrado (6), and the Amazon (4). Two hundred fifty-eight PAs (756,569 km(2)), located primarily in Amazonia, had a medium vulnerability. In the Amazon and western Cerrado, the projected severe climatic change and probability of climate-driven vegetation transition drove vulnerability up, despite the generally good conservation status of PAs. Over 80% of PAs of high or moderate vulnerability are managed by indigenous populations. Hence, besides the potential risks to biodiversity, the traditional knowledge and livelihoods of the people inhabiting these PAs may be threatened. In at least 870 PAs, primarily in the Atlantic Forest and Amazon, adaptation could happen with little or no intervention due to low climate-change hazard, high resilience status, or both. At least 20 PAs in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Amazonia should be targeted for stronger interventions (e.g., improvement of ecological connectivity), given their low resilience status. Despite being a first attempt to link vulnerability and adaptation in Brazilian PAs, we suggest that some of the PAs identified as highly or moderately vulnerable should be prioritized for testing potential adaptation strategies in the near future
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Ecossistema
Tropical wetlands are amongst the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth and have immense socio-ecological value. However, tropical wetlands are...
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Tropical wetlands are amongst the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth and have immense socio-ecological value. However, tropical wetlands are considered exploitable resources and continue to be drained and converted to other “productive” uses. It is therefore urgent to identify and understand the interactions between various drivers of change triggering degradation of such wetlands. In the present study, we systematically reviewed and analyzed the existing literature on wetlands in two tropical countries namely India and Brazil with special reference to inland wetlands, and proposed a conceptual model illustrating the intricate linkages of such wetlands with different drivers of change. We also developed the Nature Futures’ Framework to depict the diverse values of inland wetlands contributing to human wellbeing in the two tropical countries. Findings revealed similar drivers of change triggering the degradation of Indian and Brazilian wetlands. These include changes in climate & land use, population growth, poor land governance due to weak policies, besides other anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, and overexploitation of wetland resources. Among these, land-use change such as agriculture intensification and infrastructure development were the major direct drivers; whereas, institutional and governance factors such as the absence of concrete policy measures were the major indirect drivers threatening the inland wetlands in India and Brazil. Results also revealed some contrasting drivers of change such as illegal human settlements, and land grabbing by the brick industry for Indian wetlands; while, gold mining and intensification of bovine systems for Brazilian wetlands. Our paper also provides an insight into the status of wetland conservation in India and Brazil. We recommend the promotion of community-based conservation practices while adopting sustainable livelihood strategies by the local people for the conservation and wise use of inland wetlands in India and Brazil. The arguments raised in the paper have the potential to assist the stakeholders and/or decision-makers towards implementing sustainable management strategies for inland wetlands in the two countries, and tropical wetlands in general
A new high-resolution nationwide aboveground carbon map for Brazil
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Biomassa
Brazil is home to the largest tracts of tropical vegetation in the world, harbouring high levels of biodiversity and carbon. Several biomass maps have...
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Brazil is home to the largest tracts of tropical vegetation in the world, harbouring high levels of biodiversity and carbon. Several biomass maps have been produced for Brazil, using different approaches and methods, and for different purposes. These maps have been used to estimate historic, recent, and future carbon emissions from land use change (LUC). It can be difficult to determine which map to use for what purpose. The implications of using an unsuitable map can be significant, since the maps have large differences, both in terms of total carbon storage and its spatial distribution. This paper presents comparisons of Brazil's new ''official' carbon map; that is, the map used in the third national communication to the UNFCCC in 2016, with the former official map, and four carbon maps from the scientific literature. General strengths and weaknesses of the different maps are identified, including their suitability for different types of studies. No carbon map was found suitable for studies concerned with existing land use/cover (LULC) and LUC outside of existing forests, partly because they do not represent the current LULC sufficiently well, and partly because they generally overestimate carbon values for agricultural land. A new map of aboveground carbon is presented, which was created based on data from existing maps and an up-to-date LULC map. This new map reflects current LULC, has high accuracy and resolution (50 m), and a national coverage. It can be a useful alternative for scientific studies and policy initiatives concerned with existing LULC and LUC outside of existing forests, especially at local scales when high resolution is necessary, and/or outside the Amazon biome. We identify five ongoing climate policy initiatives in Brazil that can benefit from using this map
ARTIGO - Português
Assunto: Artigo original
Resumo: O presente artigo apresenta a reconstrução histórica dos eventos e documentos que caracterizaram a institucionalização do ambiente em...
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Resumo: O presente artigo apresenta a reconstrução histórica dos eventos e documentos que caracterizaram a institucionalização do ambiente em Moçambique, entre 1980 e 2014. Inicialmente, apresenta a metodologia que orientou o artigo e debates teóricos, estabelecendo diálogo entre a História Ambiental da América Latina, abordagens pós-coloniais e Sociologia do Conhecimento. Na sequência, apresenta os eventos que delimitaram a dimensão local dos riscos ambientais, e documentos que marcaram a visão global destes
A spectral agrometeorological model for estimating soybean grain productivity in Mato Grosso, Brazil
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Modelagem matemática
This study used spectral data integrated with the agrometeorological model by Doorenbos and Kassam to estimate soybean grain productivity in the state...
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This study used spectral data integrated with the agrometeorological model by Doorenbos and Kassam to estimate soybean grain productivity in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. In the developed model, spectral data were used instead of meteorological data and biophysical parameters of the crop. For this purpose, the products of real and potential evapotranspiration (MOD16), normalized difference vegetation index – NDVI (MOD13Q1), and leaf area index (MOD15A2H) from the MODIS satellite were used, in addition to sunstroke data obtained by using the visible channel from the satellite GOES IMAGER. The results obtained showed that, with the proposed methodology, it was possible to follow the development of soybean cultivation throughout the cycle and to estimate production and productivity in the study area. Willmott's agreement index was 0.99 and 0.96 and Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.99 and 0.84 for production and productivity, respectively
A time series mining approach for agricultural area detection
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Classificação
Acquiring meaningful data to be employed in building training sets for classification models is a costly task, both in terms of difficult to find...
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Acquiring meaningful data to be employed in building training sets for classification models is a costly task, both in terms of difficult to find suitable samples as well as their quantity. In this sense, Active Learning (AL) improves the training set building by providing an efficient way to select only essential data to be attached to the training set, consequently reducing its size and even enhancing model's accuracy, when compared to random sample selection. In this paper, we proposed a framework for time series classification in order to monitor sugarcane area in São Paulo, Brazil. The AL approach consisted of selecting seasonal time series information from less than 1 percent of each class' pixels to build the training set and evaluate this selection by an expert user supported by distance measurements, repeating this process until both distance measurement thresholds were satisfied. In most years, the classification results presented about 90 percent of correlation with official estimates based on both traditional and satellite image analysis methods. This framework can then help Land Use Change (LUC) monitoring as it produced similar results compared to other methods that demands more human and financial resources to be adopted
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TBDATA.2019.2913402
Texto completo: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8701458
A vulnerabilidade do Haiti frente á variabilidade climática
ARTIGO - Português
Assunto: Climatologia
O uso inapropriado dos recursos naturais resultou-se em algumas mudanças no conjunto dos elementos que compõem os ecossistemas e torna a população...
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O uso inapropriado dos recursos naturais resultou-se em algumas mudanças no conjunto dos elementos que compõem os ecossistemas e torna a população vulnerável a cenários tais como incêndios florestais, secas, furacões, tempestades tropicais, nevascas, enchentes e outros. No Haiti, historicamente, o país enfrenta problemas climáticos devido sua situação geográfica e o uso e ocupação inadequado do solo. Estes fatores podem contribuir para aumentar a sensibilidade local em relação a ocorrências de fenômenos naturais como terremoto, furacão, secas e enchentes. Desta maneira, esta pesquisa objetivou analisar a vulnerabilidade da republica do Haiti frente à eventos climáticos naturais durante os últimos décadas. Os resultados mais relevantes indicam que os anos de 2014 e 2015 foram marcados por uma longa seca que afetou quase todo o país, danificou severamente os meios de subsistência e a segurança alimentar do país
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Artigo original
Abstract: Losses in agricultural production, mainly caused by extreme temperature, rainfall and drought, have demanded the adaptation of the Brazilian...
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Abstract: Losses in agricultural production, mainly caused by extreme temperature, rainfall and drought, have demanded the adaptation of the Brazilian agriculture to the ongoing climate change. This study aimed to evaluate, through an integrative review, the effects of agricultural practices established by two Brazilian public policies (ABC Plan and Planaveg) on the resilience and adaptation of the country’s agricultural systems, considering the effects on local climate and extreme events. All the Embrapa library collections were used as main sources, and the Google Scholar was used as a secondary source. The search included publications from 1998 to April 2022 and resulted in 334 data, extracted from 51 references, covering at least one factor and one practice. The review showed that the proposed practices may contribute to the resilience and adaptation of the Brazilian agricultural and forestry sectors to climate change in the main production regions. Studies have indicated that the incorporation of the arboreal component into production systems may provide an environment more resilient to droughts, increased air humidity, reduced temperature impact and reduced fire risks, among other benefits. The adoption of the ABC Plan and Planaveg practices by the agricultural sector is an option feasible, strategic and well-aligned with a low-carbon economy, while it increases the resilience to present and future climate change impacts. RESUMO Perdas na produção agrícola, causadas principalmente por temperaturas extremas, chuvas e secas, têm exigido a adaptação da agricultura brasileira às mudanças climáticas em curso. Objetivou-se avaliar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa, os efeitos das práticas agrícolas estabelecidas por duas políticas públicas brasileiras (Plano ABC e Planaveg) na resiliência e adaptação dos sistemas agrícolas do país, considerando-se os efeitos no clima local e eventos extremos. Todas as coleções da biblioteca da Embrapa foram utilizadas como fontes principais e o Google Acadêmico como fonte secundária. A busca incluiu publicações de 1998 a abril de 2022 e resultou em 334 dados, extraídos de 51 referências, abrangendo pelo menos um fator e uma prática. A revisão mostrou que as práticas propostas podem contribuir para a resiliência e adaptação dos setores agropecuário e forestal do Brasil às mudanças climáticas nas principais regiões produtoras. Estudos indicam que a incorporação de componente arbóreo nos sistemas de produção pode proporcionar um ambiente mais resiliente a secas, aumento da umidade do ar, redução do impacto da temperatura e dos riscos de incêndio, entre outros benefícios. A adoção das práticas do Plano ABC e Planaveg pelo setor agropecuário é uma opção viável, estratégica e bem alinhada com uma economia de baixo carbono, ao mesmo tempo em que aumenta a resiliência aos impactos presentes e futuros das mudanças climáticas
Amazon forest response to CO2 fertilization dependent on plant phosphorus acquisition
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Dióxido de carbono
Global terrestrial models currently predict that the Amazon rainforest will continue to act as a carbon sink in the future, primarily owing to the...
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Global terrestrial models currently predict that the Amazon rainforest will continue to act as a carbon sink in the future, primarily owing to the rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration. Soil phosphorus impoverishment in parts of the Amazon basin largely controls its functioning, but the role of phosphorus availability has not been considered in global model ensembles-for example, during the Fifth Climate Model Intercomparison Project. Here we simulate the planned free-air CO2 enrichment experiment AmazonFACE with an ensemble of 14 terrestrial ecosystem models. We show that phosphorus availability reduces the projected CO2-induced biomass carbon growth by about 50% to 79 +/- 63 g C m(-2) yr(-1) over 15 years compared to estimates from carbon and carbon-nitrogen models. Our results suggest that the resilience of the region to climate change may be much less than previously assumed. Variation in the biomass carbon response among the phosphorus-enabled models is considerable, ranging from 5 to 140 g C m(-)2 yr(-1), owing to the contrasting plant phosphorus use and acquisition strategies considered among the models. The Amazon forest response thus depends on the interactions and relative contributions of the phosphorus acquisition and use strategies across individuals, and to what extent these processes can be upregulated under elevated CO2
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Imagens de satélite
After extensive and devastating drought in the Sahel, Africa, in the late 60's and early 70's (1968-1973) which resulted in the deaths of thousands of...
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After extensive and devastating drought in the Sahel, Africa, in the late 60's and early 70's (1968-1973) which resulted in the deaths of thousands of people and millions of animals, the desertification issue has been considered in the international agenda being ultimately relevant for the scientific community and governments in the worldwide. In 1992, the United Nations (UN), through Agenda 21 Chapter 12, defined desertification as ”land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities”. Desertification exacerbates socio-economic problems such as poverty and migration, which mainly affects the most vulnerable people and communities, bringing risk to global food security [1]. According to the UN, the annual economic losses are close to 4 billion dollars, with a cost for recovery of 10 billion dollars per year on a global scale.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2014.6946557
Texto completo: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6946557
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Análise de séries temporais
Brazil is the largest sugarcane producer in the world and has a privileged position to attend to national and international marketplaces. To maintain...
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Brazil is the largest sugarcane producer in the world and has a privileged position to attend to national and international marketplaces. To maintain the high production of sugarcane, it is fundamental to improve the forecasting models of crop seasons through the use of alternative technologies, such as remote sensing. Thus, the main purpose of this article is to assess the results of two different statistical forecasting methods applied to an agroclimatic index (the water requirement satisfaction index; WRSI) and the sugarcane spectral response (normalized difference vegetation index; NDVI) registered on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) satellite images. We also evaluated the cross-correlation between these two indexes. According to the results obtained, there are meaningful correlations between NDVI and WRSI with time lags. Additionally, the adjusted model for NDVI presented more accurate results than the forecasting models for WRSI. Finally, the analyses indicate that NDVI is more predictable due to its seasonality and the WRSI values are more variable making it difficult to forecast.
Atlantic forest : ecosystem services linking people and biodiversity
Pires, Aliny Patrícia Flauzino
CAPÍTULO DE LIVRO - Inglês
Assunto: Capítulo de livro
Abstract: The Atlantic forest biome is a key provider of ecosystem services (ES) delivered worldwide. The region presents a complex history of land...
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Abstract: The Atlantic forest biome is a key provider of ecosystem services (ES) delivered worldwide. The region presents a complex history of land use changes based on human demands that have decreased its native vegetation and the potential to integrate biodiversity and human wellbeing. In this chapter, we described the profile of the scientific output on ES for the Atlantic forest; the spatial patterns of ES; projected scenarios, particularly considering the potential for ecosystem restoration; and the profile of public policies and private practices based on ES in the region. We emphasize that the integration of multiple strategies that fill the knowledge gaps, identify local demands and trade-offs, and promote dialogue between multiple sectors will be key to ensure the provisioning of ES in the Atlantic Forest in the coming years
Avaliação de vulnerabilidade agrícola à seca : um estudo de caso no semiárido do estado da Bahia
ARTIGO - Português
Assunto: Seca
No estado da Bahia, onde a maior parte do território encontra-se no semiárido, a seca desencadeia impactos em diversos setores da sociedade, com...
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No estado da Bahia, onde a maior parte do território encontra-se no semiárido, a seca desencadeia impactos em diversos setores da sociedade, com grandes repercussões na agricultura. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar indicadores sociais e agrícolas que identifiquem a vulnerabilidade do agricultor do semiárido baiano à seca. Para tanto, escolheu-se quatro parâmetros, sendo eles: índice de manejo agrícola; índice ambiental, índice FIRJAN de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM), e dados agrícolas. O presente trabalho concluiu que, ao lado das condições meteorológicas desfavoráveis, os fatores relacionados à falta de políticas públicas e a estrutura fundiária são extremamente importantes para se compreender os problemas regionais e a seca no semiárido brasileiro. Este fato demonstra que a vulnerabilidade do semiárido está para além das condições meteorológicas locais
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Artigo original
Resumo: Climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation are two major environmental actions that need to be effectively performed this...
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Resumo: Climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation are two major environmental actions that need to be effectively performed this century, alongside ensuring food supply for a growing global human population. These three issues are highly interlinked through land management systems. Thus, major global food production regions located in biodiversity hotpots and with potential for carbon sequestration face trade-offs between these valuable land-based ecosystem services. The state of Mato Grosso in Brazil is one such region, where private lands that have been illegally used for agriculture could be restored to natural vegetation - with potential benefits for climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation, although with potentially negative effects on food production. To address this challenge, in this study we used a multicriteria nexus modeling approach that considers carbon stocks, priority areas for biodiversity conservation, and the opportunity for food production, to develop scenarios of land allocation that aim to balance the benefits and drawbacks of ecosystem restoration. Results show that forcing landowners to restore their individual lands compromises the potential for a "green land market" throughout the Amazon biome in which private landowners with lower food production capacities (e.g., less connected to markets and infrastructure) would benefit from restoration programs that compensate them for the inclusion of environmental restoration among their economic activities, instead of taking large economic risks to produce more food. We additionally highlight that strategic ecosystem restoration can achieve higher gains in biodiversity and carbon with lower costs of restoration actions and with minimal impacts on agriculture. Analyses like ours demonstrate how scenarios of land allocation that simultaneously address climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation through ecosystem restoration, while also minimizing possible impacts on food production, can be sought to move the world towards a sustainable future
Bridging the gap between will and action on climate change adaptation in large cities in Brazil
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Mudanças climáticas
Abstract: All over the world, there is a pressing need to better understand how climate change has been incorporated into governmental agendas, and...
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Abstract: All over the world, there is a pressing need to better understand how climate change has been incorporated into governmental agendas, and evaluate the status of adaptation planning and interventions at the local level. In this paper, we seek to contribute towards bridging this gap by identifying local practices connected to climate adaptation in six large Brazilian cities, and presenting a framework, based on the existing literature, for assessing constraints to adaptation across the municipal level. Although local governments are not the only actors who can take the lead through their actions, the employed framework considers that effective adaptation planning in urban areas is highly dependent on municipal efforts. Our findings indicate that six aspects have the highest levels of impact on adaptation in the Brazilian cities studied: administrative practices, political will, level of commitment, mismatch between the scale of urban issues and the extent of local government authority, pressures from private sectors, and inspection. Although these barriers are not specific only to climate issues and can be identified in other environmental arenas, when combined, they cause and worsen constraints to advancing urban adaptation at the local level. Specifically concerning the local dynamics of urban planning, the combination of pressures from private sectors and insufficient inspection negatively affects the ability of these cities to consolidate adaptation interventions. Our results are helpful in the context of large cities, particularly in Global South, where, as in Brazil, competitive urbanism and specific interest groups confront municipal efforts, and make achieving adaptation more difficult
Texto completo: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01570-z
Texto completo: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10113-019-01570-z
Texto completo: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01580-x
Texto completo: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10113-019-01580-x
Bytes and boots to understand the future of the Amazon forest
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Mudanças climáticas
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Artigo de evento
Abstract: This study proposes a methodology to calculate the C-factor using remote sensing data: NDVI from LANDSAT image and MAPBIOMAS Land Use (LU)...
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Abstract: This study proposes a methodology to calculate the C-factor using remote sensing data: NDVI from LANDSAT image and MAPBIOMAS Land Use (LU) classification of Atibaia river watershed, Brazil, to improve the estimation of risk of soil loss using equations such as USLE and RUSLE. The methodology was as follows: first the NDVI was calculated, then the resulting image was rescaled to the range 0 to 1, applying the Near, Gaussian and Symmetric Linear transformation functions, with value below threshold 1, value above threshold 0 and scale 1 in the Rescale by function tool. Among the three models presented, the Symmetric Linear model showed the best results for the distribution of C-factor values between the LU classes, while in the Gaussian model, the same value, 0.70, was recorded for the Pasture and Rocky Outcrop classes, and the average of the values was low: 0.22 (Near) and 0.31 (Gaussian)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/iecg2022-13747
Texto completo: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/87/1/24
Cenários de mudanças climáticas e suas especificidades no Brasil
Coltri, Priscila Pereira, 1980-
CAPÍTULO DE LIVRO - Português
Assunto: Mudanças climáticas
Resumo: Dando continuidade às discussões, neste capítulo, você terá a oportunidade de conhecer algumas características dos modelos e simulações...
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Resumo: Dando continuidade às discussões, neste capítulo, você terá a oportunidade de conhecer algumas características dos modelos e simulações climáticas e identificar, de forma resumida, o que há de mais importante nos seis relatórios do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC), publicados até agora. Também encontrará informações sobre o que é esperado para o mundo em termos de projeções climáticas e, especificamente, para o Brasil, nos principais cenários de mudanças climáticas, além de aprender um pouco mais sobre a relação entre as mudanças no clima, as mudanças no padrão das variáveis meteorológicas e a ocorrência de eventos extremos
Change of physical chemical parameters of wetland soils
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: Zonas úmidas
Abstract: Wetlands located in western region of Minas Gerais state have been converted in agricultural land and clay mining. The objective of this...
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Abstract: Wetlands located in western region of Minas Gerais state have been converted in agricultural land and clay mining. The objective of this article was to evaluate differences in concentration and distribution of macro, micronutrients and other physics parameters in wetland soils used for agricultural production since 1970 or mining comparing with natural and non - impacted wetland soils, in dry season. For that, soil samples were collected at different depths at 6 sites. Through field work, it was possible to assess the morphological changes of the soil and collect samples to perform physicochemical analyses. Particle size and chemical analysis provided information to better understand the extent of environmental impacts resulting from economic activities carried out in the area. Among the points analyzed, morphological changes were noted in agricultural cultivation areas and especially in the mining area, where laminar erosion occurs. The particle size analysis showed a textural change in the places of agricultural cultivation, while the other points were classified as clayey or very clayey texture. The chemical analysis showed that the agricultural cultivation areas presented high levels of macro and micronutrients in the superficial layers and the base saturation was very low in practically all the studied points. The mining site proved to be the most degraded and least suitable for plant growth
Changes in the pattern of heat waves and the impacts on holstein cows in a subtropical region
ARTIGO - Inglês
Assunto: ODS: 13. Ação contra a mudança global do clima
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the change in the air temperature and the impacts of heat waves using Climate Change Indexes on the...
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Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the change in the air temperature and the impacts of heat waves using Climate Change Indexes on the physiological and productive responses of lactating Holstein cows. Daily data of maximum and minimum air temperature for 1981–2021 were used. Heat waves were determined using six Climate Change Indexes. Individual data on respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and milk yield were collected in the summers of 2018, 2019, and 2021. The temperature trend analysis showed a significant (p?<?0.0001) increase in maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and days in a heat wave. All six indexes increased significantly (p?>?0.01). The increase in warm nights (>?20 °C) and the hottest days (>?35 °C) was the highest since 2010. Heat waves were classified into short (<?5 days) and long (>?5 days) of greater (>?36 °C) or lesser (<?36 °C) intensity. During the long and short heat waves of greater intensity, the respiratory rate increased (p?<?0.05) until the fourth day. On the other hand, rectal temperature was higher (p?<?0.05) from the fourth day until the end of the long heat waves. Therefore, the decrease in milk yield was significantly greater from the fourth or fifth day onwards. Finally, the evaluation method based on indexes was efficient to demonstrate the negative effects on physiological parameters and milk yield and can be indicated to evaluate heat stress in lactating cows
Chuvas intensas e ocorrência de alagamentos : um estudo de caso para Campinas SP, 2019
ARTIGO - Português
Assunto: Artigo original
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo de caso para chuvas intensas e seus impactos nas ocorrências de alagamentos na cidade de...
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo de caso para chuvas intensas e seus impactos nas ocorrências de alagamentos na cidade de Campinas, São Paulo, no ano de 2019. Dados de chuva acumulada diária foram obtidos de 8 pluviômetros distribuídos na cidade e dados de alagamento foram obtidos junto à Defesa Civil municipal, referentes aos chamados atendidos. Na análise espacial, foi constatada uma relativa concordância com a ocorrência ou não de chuva entre os pluviômetros. No entanto, ficou evidente a variabilidade espacial da quantidade de chuva, o que demonstra a ocorrência de chuva localmente forte. A análise dos dados de alagamento permitiu determinar áreas mais propensas a esse tipo de evento. Aspectos como volume acumulado de chuva e configuração do relevo certamente proporcionam condições ideais para alagamentos. No entanto, a área mais afetada por alagamentos é relativamente mais elevada, o que sugere, por ser parte da região central e amplamente urbanizada, que a urbanização também contribui significativamente para a ocorrência de alagamentos
Ciências atmosféricas podem contribuir para o avanço do respeito à dignidade humana?
Avila, Ana Maria Heuminski de, 1966-
CAPÍTULO DE LIVRO - Português
Assunto: Ciência atmosférica
Clima em jogo : uma ferramenta pedagógica para aprendizagem de conceitos em Climatologia
ARTIGO - Português
Assunto: Jogos
Conceitos das Geociências estão no cotidiano das pessoas e temas dessa área, como a
Climatologia, vêm sendo apresentados rotineiramente aos alunos do... Ver mais
Climatologia, vêm sendo apresentados rotineiramente aos alunos do... Ver mais
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Conceitos das Geociências estão no cotidiano das pessoas e temas dessa área, como a
Climatologia, vêm sendo apresentados rotineiramente aos alunos do Ensino Médio. No entanto, grande parte dos conceitos climatológicos são abstratos para a maioria das pessoas, exigindo do professor uma habilidade maior em discuti-los. Nesse contexto e, com o intuito de abordar questões climatológicas de forma interativa, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um material didático que tem como base um jogo de tabuleiro, para ser utilizado como ferramenta pedagógica para melhor promover a
aprendizagem de conceitos de Geociências, enfatizando a Climatologia. O jogo foi desenvolvido a partir da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, bem como de temas indicados pela UNESCO para o ensino de Mudanças Climáticas, além de questões das Geociências da América do Sul. Com a aplicação desse material, espera-se que os alunos consigam debater de forma crítica os principais temas de Geociências, Climatologia e Geografia
Climatologia, vêm sendo apresentados rotineiramente aos alunos do Ensino Médio. No entanto, grande parte dos conceitos climatológicos são abstratos para a maioria das pessoas, exigindo do professor uma habilidade maior em discuti-los. Nesse contexto e, com o intuito de abordar questões climatológicas de forma interativa, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um material didático que tem como base um jogo de tabuleiro, para ser utilizado como ferramenta pedagógica para melhor promover a
aprendizagem de conceitos de Geociências, enfatizando a Climatologia. O jogo foi desenvolvido a partir da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, bem como de temas indicados pela UNESCO para o ensino de Mudanças Climáticas, além de questões das Geociências da América do Sul. Com a aplicação desse material, espera-se que os alunos consigam debater de forma crítica os principais temas de Geociências, Climatologia e Geografia