Effects of implant-based prostheses on mastication, nutritional intake, and oral health–related quality of life in partially edentulous patients: a paired clinical trial

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of different implant-based prostheses on swallowing threshold, dietary intake, and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL). Materials and Methods: This prospective paired controlled clinical trial followed partially edentulous subjects, who sequentially used implant-supported removable partial dentures and implant-supported fixed partial dentures (IFPDs). Swallowing threshold was assessed by counting the masticatory cycles and median particle size (X50) calculation. Nutritional intake was verified by a 3-day food record. OHRQoL was measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49). Data were evaluated with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Twelve subjects (mean age 62.6 ± 7.8 years; range, 55 to 87) took part in the study. IFPD treatment significantly reduced X50 values and the number of chewing cycles. Higher intake of fiber, calcium, and iron and lower consumption of cholesterol-rich food were observed after IFPD use. OHIP summary score and OHIP physical pain domain were lower with the IFPD. Conclusion: IFPD use leads to more efficient mastication and improves dietary intake and OHRQoL. This information will guide dentists to better clinical management of partially edentulous patients.