Subsurface exploration: recent advances in geo-signal processing, interpretation, and learning

Abstract

The articles in this special section focus on subsurface exploration using new geo-signaling technologies. For centuries, humans have been exploring the subsurface structure of planet Earth. Several Earth geophysical applications, such as mining, earthquake studies, and oil and gas exploration, have driven research that produced, over the years, ground-breaking theories and innovative technologies that image Earth’s subsurface. The pursuit is ongoing with an increasing desire to have higher-resolution subsurface models and images. Signal processing, data interpretation, and modeling have been the cornerstones of such innovations. In recent years, there have been advances in technologies and requirements that demand the utilization of advanced signal processing and machine-learning theories and algorithms. For example, the wide- and full-azimuth acquisition technologies have proven to be instrumental in providing high-resolution subsurface images