Assessing the spatial distribution of key flavonoids in mentha x piperita leaves: an application of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI)

Abstract

Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) was used to assess the spatial distribution of some key flavonoids in peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) leaves. The chemical images were generated by applying DESI-MSI on the peppermint leaves imprinting while acquiring the spectra in the negative ion mode. The following key flavonoids were detected and grouped within well-known biosynthetic routes in plants: naringenin route [naringenin, sakuranetin, hesperetin, hesperidin, luteolin, and apigenin]; luteolin route [luteolin, chrysoeriol, luteolin-7-O-D-glucuronide, luteolin-7-O-D-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-neohesperidoside]; apigenin route [apigenin, apigenin-7-O-gentiobioside, apigenin-7-O-neohesperidoside, thymusin/pilosin, pebrellin, acacetin/genkwanin, ladanein, xanthomicrol/pedunculin/nevadensin]. Maps of the spatial distribution of these flavonoids throughout the peppermint leaves within each route were then displayed. The results described herein comprise an important (although still underexplored) subject that certainly will experience a remarkable growth in the next years